Singapore has one of the highest rates of high myopia in the world. This condition, commonly known as nearsightedness, is more than just an inconvenience requiring glasses. High myopia can lead to severe complications such as retinal tears, retinal detachment, macular degeneration, and even blindness. Managing myopia in childhood is crucial because once myopia sets in, it cannot be reversed in adulthood. Even surgical interventions like LASIK do not eliminate the structural abnormalities associated with myopia, leaving individuals at risk for related complications.
Causes
Risk Factors
- Genetics: A family history of myopia significantly increases the risk.
- Prolonged Near Work: Activities like reading and using electronic devices for extended periods.
- Lack of Outdoor Activity: Insufficient exposure to natural light.
- Ethnicity: Higher prevalence among East Asian populations.
Benefits of Early Myopia Control
Why Myopia Control is Essential
Myopia control in children is critical because myopia progression can lead to severe eye health issues later in life. While glasses or contact lenses can correct vision, they do not halt the structural changes in the eye associated with high myopia. Even with corrective surgery, the eye remains myopic in structure, retaining a higher risk of complications like:
- Retinal Tears and Detachment
- Macular Degeneration
- Glaucoma
- Early Cataracts
- Floaters
Protect Your Child's Vision
Treatment Options
Atropine Eye Drops
Atropine eye drops are currently the most effective treatment for myopia control in children. The drops slow the progression of myopia but do not reverse existing myopia. Low-dose atropine (0.01%) has been found to be as effective as higher doses with fewer side effects, such as light sensitivity and blurred near vision.
Special Contact Lenses
Orthokeratology (ortho-k) lenses are worn overnight to reshape the cornea temporarily, providing clear vision during the day and slowing myopia progression.
Special Glasses
Glasses designed for myopia control, such as those with multifocal or peripheral defocus lenses, help to slow the progression of myopia by altering the focus of light entering the eye.
