Singapore has one of the highest rates of high myopia in the world. While glasses can correct blurry vision, high myopia is associated with an increased risk of serious eye complications, including retinal tears, retinal detachment and myopic macular degeneration.
Managing myopia during childhood is important because it can continue to progress as the eyes grow. Although myopia cannot currently be reversed, appropriate management can help slow its progression. Even after refractive surgery such as LASIK, the eye’s underlying structure remains unchanged, so the risks associated with high myopia may persist.
Causes
Risk Factors
- Genetics: A family history of myopia significantly increases the risk.
- Prolonged Near Work: Activities like reading and using electronic devices for extended periods.
- Lack of Outdoor Activity: Insufficient exposure to natural light.
- Ethnicity: Higher prevalence among East Asian populations.
Benefits of Early Myopia Control
Slowing Myopia Progression: Myopia-control treatments are designed to slow the increase in myopia as a child’s eyes grow. The degree of effectiveness varies depending on the treatment and the individual child.
Reducing the Risk of Severe Eye Conditions: By limiting the progression towards high myopia, treatment may help reduce the likelihood of developing associated eye complications in adulthood. Regular monitoring helps the eye specialist assess changes in prescription and adjust the treatment plan when needed.
Enhancing Quality of Vision: Appropriate glasses or contact lenses help children see clearly for school, reading and other daily activities. Combining vision correction with myopia-control treatment addresses both clear vision and the aim of slowing progression.
Early Myopia Assessment and Management
Treatment Options
Atropine Eye Drops
Atropine eye drops are currently the most effective treatment for myopia control in children. The drops slow the progression of myopia but do not reverse existing myopia. Low-dose atropine (0.01%) has been found to be as effective as higher doses with fewer side effects, such as light sensitivity and blurred near vision.
Special Contact Lenses
Orthokeratology (ortho-k) lenses are worn overnight to reshape the cornea temporarily, providing clear vision during the day and slowing myopia progression.
Special Glasses
Glasses designed for myopia control, such as those with multifocal or peripheral defocus lenses, help to slow the progression of myopia by altering the focus of light entering the eye.
