What Is a Macular Hole?
A macular hole is an opening that develops in the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp vision. It can affect central vision, making activities such as reading, recognising faces and driving more difficult.
Macular holes often develop when age-related changes in the vitreous gel place traction on the macula.
A macular hole is visible in the retinal photograph, with OCT imaging used to assess the hole’s size and extent.
Causes and Risk Factors of Macular Holes
Most macular holes develop without an obvious cause and are more common in older adults. Less common causes include severe myopia and eye trauma. In rare cases, looking directly at an eclipse without proper eye protection can also cause macular hole formation.
Symptoms of a Macular Hole
An Amsler chart can help identify visual distortion, but an eye examination is needed to confirm the cause.
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Macular Hole Treatment
Treatment depends on the size and stage of the macular hole and its effect on vision. Some small or early holes may be monitored, while others may require vitrectomy, a procedure that removes the vitreous gel to relieve traction on the macula. A gas bubble may be placed inside the eye to help the hole close, and patients may need to maintain a specific head position during recovery.
FAQs about Macular Hole
A macular hole can also develop in the other eye, although this does not happen to everyone. Regular monitoring of the other eye is important to detect any changes early.
Vitamins and dietary supplements are not established treatments for closing a macular hole or preventing one from developing.